Izindlela Ezintathu Zokusakaza Amapayipi Ensimbi

Amapayipi ensimbi akhiqizwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulingisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ake sihlole amasu amathathu ayinhloko:

1. I-Horizontally Cast: Amapayipi ensimbi asekuqaleni kakhulu ayenziwe avundlile, umnyombo wesikhunta usekelwe izinti zensimbi ezincane ezibe yingxenye yepayipi. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngokuvamile iholela ekusabalaliseni okungalingani kwensimbi eduze komjikelezo wepayipi, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi kumqhele lapho i-slag yayivame ukuqoqa khona.
2. I-Vertically Cast: Ngo-1845, kwenzeka ushintsho oluya ekulingeni okuqondile, lapho amapayipi ajikijelwa emgodini. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, le ndlela yaba umkhuba ovamile. Ngokusakazwa okuqondile, i-slag eqoqwe phezulu kokusakazwa, okuvumela ukususwa kalula ngokusika ukuphela kwepayipi. Kodwa-ke, amapayipi akhiqizwa ngale ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ahlushwa yi-off-center bores ngenxa yokuthi umnyombo wesikhunta ubekwe ngendlela engalingani.
3. I-Centrifugally Cast: I-Centrifugal Casting, eyasungulwa ngu-Dimitri Sensaud deLavaud ngo-1918, yaguqula ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi. Le ndlela ihilela ukuzungezisa isikhunta ngesivinini esikhulu kuyilapho kwethulwa insimbi encibilikisiwe, okuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwensimbi okufanayo. Ngokomlando, izinhlobo ezimbili zokubumba zazisetshenziswa: isikhunta sensimbi nesihlabathi.

• Isikhunta Sensimbi: Ngale ndlela, insimbi encibilikisiwe yafakwa esibunjeni, esasiphothwa ukuze insimbi ihlukaniseke ngokulinganayo. Isikhunta sensimbi ngokuvamile sasivikelwa ngamanzi okugeza noma uhlelo lwesifutho. Ngemva kokupholisa, amapayipi ayekhishwa ukuze anciphise ukucindezeleka, ahlolwe, ambozwe futhi agcinwe.

• Ukubunjwa Kwesanti: Kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili zokubunjwa kwesihlabathi. Owokuqala ohilelekile usebenzisa iphethini yensimbi eflaskini egcwele isihlabathi sokubumba. Indlela yesibili yasebenzisa i-flask eshisayo ehlanganiswe ne-resin nesihlabathi, okwenza isikhunta simaphakathi. Ngemva kokuqina, amapayipi ayepholiswa, akhishwe, ahlolwe futhi alungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa.

Zombili izindlela zokuphonsa isikhunta sensimbi nesihlabathi zilandele izindinganiso ezibekwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-American Water Works Association yamapayipi okusabalalisa amanzi.

Kafushane, nakuba izindlela zokulingisa ezivundlile neziqondile zinemikhawulo yazo, ukulingisa okumaphakathi sekuyisu elikhethwayo lokukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi yesimanje, okuqinisekisa ukufana, amandla, nokwethembeka.