UMJWAZI NGUNYAZI WOMUZI
-《Abahluphekayo, Abahluphekayo》Ka-Victor Hugo
I-Casting iyinqubo yokukhiqiza lapho uketshezi oluwuketshezi luvame ukuthululwa esikhunjeni, esiqukethe imbobo engenalutho yesimo oyifunayo, bese sivunyelwa ukuba siqine. Ingxenye eqinile yaziwa nangokuthi i-casting, ekhishwayo noma ephukile esikhunjini ukuze kuqedelwe inqubo. Kuwo wonke umlando, ukubunjwa kwensimbi kuye kwasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi, izikhali, nezinto zenkolo. Umlando wensimbi nokuthuthuka kungalandelelwa emuva eNingizimu ye-Asia (i-China, i-India, i-Pakistan, njll) ngenqubo yeminyaka engu-7,000 ubudala. Ixoxo elidala kunawo wonke elisekhona kusukela ngo-3200 BC.
1300BC, I-Simuwu Rectangle Cauldron e-China enesisindo esingu-875kgs iveza izinga eliphezulu lesu lokulingisa nobuciko. Imele impumelelo yokulingisa ephezulu kakhulu yoBukhosi buka-Shang (1600-1046 BC).
Ngo-800BC, inkemba ye-Jade yokubamba insimbi iwumsebenzi wokuqala owaziwa kakhulu e-China, okuwuphawu lokungena kweChina eNkathini Yensimbi.
Cishe ngo-1400, imiphongolo yezibhamu nezinhlamvu kwakuyimikhiqizo yokuqala yensimbi eYurophu. Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha imiphongolo babuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-loam ngokusebenzisa izifanekiso, ezase zenzelwe ukuphonswa kwethusi ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngemuva kobuchwepheshe bokwenza i-loam obusetshenziswe ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlamvu ze-serial, kwavela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esihlala njalo esenziwe nge-cast iron.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-15 izinto ezinjengamapayipi amanzi nezinsimbi zakhiqizwa ngensimbi eyinsimbi. Amapayipi amanzi ensimbi amadala kunawo wonke asukela ngekhulu le-17 futhi afakelwa ukusabalalisa amanzi kuzo zonke izingadi ze-Chateau de Versailles 1664. Lawa afinyelela ku-35 km wamapayipi, ngokuvamile ayi-1 m ubude anamajoyinti aphekiwe. Iminyaka edlulele yala mapayipi iwenza abe nenani elikhulu lomlando.
Imboni yamapayipi ensimbi yaseChina yaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ngokwesekwa okuqinile kwe-China Urban Water Supply Association yathuthuka ngokushesha.
Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi nomnotho, i-China idume njengemboni yomhlaba wonke namuhla, futhi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo eyenziwe eChina ibe ngcono kakhulu.
Namuhla, umkhiqizi omkhulu wokulingisa emhlabeni yiShayina. Umphumela wokulingisa usufinyelele amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-35.3 ngo-2019, odlula i-United States iminyaka eminingi futhi ukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni. Imikhiqizo yaseChina ethunyelwa minyaka yonke kwamanye amazwe isifinyelele amathani angaba yizigidi ezingu-2.233, kanti izimakethe ezinkulu ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe yi-Europe, America, Japan kanye namanye amazwe.Ngokuhlanganiswa komnotho womhlaba kanye nokubambisana okusondelene namazwe ngamazwe, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomkhuba omusha wesikhungo sokukhiqiza somhlaba esidluliselwa eChina, sinezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zekhwalithi kanye nebanga lokudlala, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yokusakazwa, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukuvikela imvelo, ukuvikela nokuvikela imvelo. ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lempilo yomuntu.
