Izakhiwo, Izinzuzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Ductile Iron

I-Ductile iron, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-spheroidal noma i-nodular iron, iyiqembu lama-alloys ensimbi anesakhiwo esincane esiyingqayizivele esiwanikeza amandla aphezulu, ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, nokunwebeka. Iqukethe ikhabhoni engaphezu kwamaphesenti amathathu futhi ingagotshwa, isonteke, noma ikhubazeke ngaphandle kokuphuka, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-graphite flake. I-Ductile iron ifana nensimbi ezindaweni zayo eziwumshini futhi iqine kakhulu kune-cast cast iron ejwayelekile.

I-Ductile iron castings yenziwa ngokuthela insimbi encibilikisiwe ye-ductile ibe isikhunta, lapho i-iron ipholisa futhi iqine ukuze yakhe izimo ezifunwayo. Le nqubo yokuphonsa iphumela ezintweni zensimbi eziqinile ezinokuqina okuhle kakhulu.

Yini Eyenza I-Ductile Iron Ihluke?

I-Ductile iron yasungulwa ngo-1943 njengentuthuko yesimanje phezu kwensimbi yendabuko. Ngokungafani ne-cast iron, lapho i-graphite ibonakala njengama-flakes, i-ductile iron ine-graphite esesimweni sama-spheroids, yingakho igama elithi “spheroidal graphite.” Lesi sakhiwo sivumela i-iron ductile ukuthi imelane nokugoba nokushaqeka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, inikeza ukuqina okukhulu kune-cast cast iron evamile, ejwayele ukuba brittleness kanye nokuphuka.

I-Ductile iron yenziwa ngokuyinhloko nge-iron yengulube, insimbi ehlanzekile kakhulu ene-iron engaphezu kuka-90%. I-pig iron iyathandwa ngoba inezinto ezisele eziphansi noma eziyingozi, i-chemistry engaguquki, futhi ikhuthaza izimo ze-slag ezilungile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Le nto yomthombo iyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani i-ductile iron Foundries ikhetha insimbi yengulube ngaphezu kweminye imithombo efana nensimbi eyizinsimbi.

Izakhiwo ze-Ductile Iron

Amamaki ahlukene ensimbi edonsa amanzi adalwa ngokushintsha isakhiwo se-matrix esizungeze igraphite ngesikhathi sokusakaza noma ngokwelashwa okungeziwe kokushisa. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okuncane kokuqamba kuklanyelwe ukufeza izakhiwo ezithile ezincane, ezibuye zinqume izakhiwo zebanga ngalinye le-ductile iron.

I-Ductile iron ingacatshangwa njengensimbi enama-graphite spheroids ashumekiwe. Izici ze-metallic matrix ezungeze ama-graphite spheroids zithonya kakhulu izakhiwo ze-ductile iron, kuyilapho i-graphite ngokwayo inomthelela ekunwebekeni kwayo nasekuguquguqukeni kwayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-matrices ku-ductile iron, okulandelayo okuvame kakhulu:

1. 1. I-Ferrite- I-matrix yensimbi ehlanzekile ene-ductile kakhulu futhi evumelana nezimo, kodwa enamandla aphansi. I-Ferrite ayinawo amandla okumelana nokugqokwa, kodwa ukumelana nomthelela wayo ophezulu kanye nokulula komshini kuyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile kumabanga e-iron ductile.
2. 2. I-Pearlite- Inhlanganisela ye-ferrite ne-iron carbide (Fe3C). Kunzima uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ductility emaphakathi, enikeza amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, kanye nokumelana nomthelela omaphakathi. I-Pearlite nayo ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle.
3. 3. IPearlite/Ferrite- Isakhiwo esixubile esinakho kokubili i-pearlite ne-ferrite, okuyi-matrix evame kakhulu kumabanga okuhweba we-ductile iron. Ihlanganisa izici zakho zombili, inikeze indlela elinganiselayo yamandla, i-ductility, kanye nokusebenza kanzima.

I-microstructure eyingqayizivele yensimbi ngayinye ishintsha izici zayo ezibonakalayo:

Amabanga Ajwayelekile E-Ductile Iron

Nakuba kunezincazelo eziningi ezahlukene ze-iron ductile, ama-foundries ahlinzeka ngezigaba ezijwayelekile ezi-3:

Izinzuzo ze-Ductile Iron

I-Ductile iron inikeza izinzuzo eziningana kubaklami nabakhiqizi:

• • Ingasakazwa kalula futhi yenziwe ngomshini, inciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
• • Inesilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo, esivumela izingxenye ezihlala isikhathi eside kodwa ezingasindi.
• • I-Ductile iron inikeza ukulingana okuhle kokuqina, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, nokuthembeka.
• • I-castability yayo ephakeme kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwenza ifanele izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izicelo ze-Ductile Iron

Ngenxa yamandla ayo kanye ne-ductility, i-ductile iron inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapayipi, izingxenye zezimoto, amagiya, izindlu zokupompa, nezisekelo zemishini. Ukumelana ne-Ductile iron ekuqhekekeni kuyenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokuphepha, njengama-bollards nokuvikela umthelela. Ibuye isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yamandla omoya kanye nezinye izindawo ezinokucindezeleka okuphezulu lapho ukuqina nokuguquguquka kubalulekile.