Embonini yesimanje,amapayipi e-iron ductilezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi, i-drainage, ukudluliswa kwegesi kanye nezinye izinkambu eziningi ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde ngokujulile ukusebenza kwamapayipi e-iron ductile, umdwebo we-metallographic wamapayipi e-iron ductile udlala indima ebalulekile. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngendima yemidwebo ye-metallographic yamapayipi ensimbi e-ductile ekujuleni, futhi sigxile ekuhlaziyeni inani elihle kakhulu elethwaI-DINSENamapayipi e-iron ductile afinyelela izinga loku-1 le-spheroidization. Umfanekiso olandelayo yisithombe somdwebo we-metallographic wamapayipi e-DINSEN ductile iron.
Ngamagama alula, imidwebo ye-metallographic iyizithombe zesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinsimbi ezibonwa ngezibonakhulu ze-metallographic nezinye izinto zokusebenza ngemva kokulungiswa kwesampula ethile yezinto zensimbi. Emapayipini e-iron ductile, imidwebo yawo ye-metallographic ibonisa ulwazi olubalulekile olufana nesimo sokusabalalisa, izici zomumo kanye nezinga le-spheroidization ye-ductile iron ku-matrix yensimbi ekhonjiwe. Lapho ulungiselela amasampula e-metallographic, uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokusebenza ezibucayi njengokusika, ukugaya, ukupholisha nokugqwala kuyadingeka. Ukusika kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi amasampula akhethiwe angamela izici zepayipi jikelele; inqubo yokugaya kancane kancane iqeda umonakalo ongaphezulu obangelwa ukusika, ukuze ukukhanya okungaphezulu kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile; ukupholisha kuqhubeke kwenza isampula ibushelelezi njengesibuko, ukuze isakhiwo sangaphakathi siboniswe ngokucacile ngemva kokwelashwa kokugqwala okulandelayo; ukugqwala ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents amakhemikhali ukuze kusabelane nezakhiwo zensimbi ezihlukene kuya kumazinga ahlukene, ukuze kuboniswe umehluko ocacile wesakhiwo senhlangano ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ngalolu chungechunge lwemisebenzi, singathola umdwebo we-metallographic ongabonisa ngokunembile i-microstructure yamapayipi ensimbi e-ductile.
Ucwaningo lokusebenza kokubalulekile:Ukusebenza kwamapayipi e-iron ductile kuhlobene eduze nesimo se-graphite nodules. Kusukela kumdwebo we-metallographic, singabona ngokunembile usayizi, inombolo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamanodule e-graphite. Ubukhulu be-graphite nodules buthinta ngokuqondile izakhiwo zemishini ye-cast iron. Ama-graphite nodules amancane nasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo angathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla nokuqina kwensimbi ekhonjiwe. Isibonelo, lapho ama-graphite nodules emancane futhi asakazwa ngokulinganayo, angahlakaza ukucindezeleka ngokulinganayo futhi anciphise ukugxila ekucindezelekeni lapho engaphansi kwamandla angaphandle, ukuze amapayipi ensimbi e-ductile abe nokucindezelwa okungcono kanye nezindawo eziqinile. Umdwebo we-metallographic ufana nencwadi yekhodi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuyichaza, abacwaningi bangathola ukuqonda okujulile kobudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi banikeze isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezingcono zamapayipi ensimbi ye-ductile.
Ikhwalithi yokulawula:Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amapayipi ensimbi e-ductile, imidwebo ye-metallographic iyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi. Iqoqo ngalinye lamapayipi ensimbi akhiqizwayo adinga ukuhlolwa nge-metallographically. Ngokuqhathanisa umdwebo we-metallographic ne-atlas evamile, kunganqunywa ukuthi umkhiqizo uyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zekhwalithi. Uma umdwebo we-metallographic ubonisa ukuthi i-spheroidization yamabhola e-graphite impofu, njengenani elikhulu le-flake graphite noma izinga eliphansi kakhulu le-spheroidization, ukusebenza kweqoqo lemikhiqizo kungase kungahlangabezani nezidingo ezilindelekile. Kubakhiqizi, ukutholakala ngesikhathi kwezinkinga zekhwalithi ezinjalo kungavimbela imikhiqizo engafanelekile ukuthi ingangeni emakethe futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho. Kuyasiza futhi ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka:Uma amapayipi e-iron ductile ehluleka noma ehluleka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, imidwebo ye-metallographic inganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthola imbangela yokwehluleka. Isibonelo, uma ipayipi liqhuma, ngokuhlaziya umdwebo we-metallographic eduze kwengxenye ephukile, kungase kutholakale ukuthi izinga le-spheroidization lamaqhuqhuva e-graphite liyehla, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuqina kwempahla kanye nokuphuka okuphukayo ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle esikhathi eside; noma ngenxa yokungcola noma amaphutha esakhiweni, ukugqwala kubangelwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, okugcina kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwamapayipi. Ngemva kokucaciswa kwesizathu sokwehluleka ngokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic, izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezihlosiwe zingathathwa, njengokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukulungisa ifomula yempahla eluhlaza, njll., ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yesevisi nokuthembeka kwamapayipi ensimbi e-ductile.
Izinga le-spheroidization liyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yamapayipi e-iron ductile. Ibonisa izinga le-graphite spheroidization. Lapho izinga le-spheroidization liphezulu, kulapho ukwakheka kwama-graphite nodules kusondele kangakanani kuyindilinga ephelele futhi kulapho ukusabalalisa kuba okufanayo. Ngokwamazinga afanelekile, izinga le-spheroidization livamise ukuhlukaniswa ngamaleveli ahlukene, ngokuvamile ukusuka kuleveli 1 ukuya kuleveli 6, kanti ileveli 1 inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-spheroidization kanye neleveli 6 enezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-spheroidization.
Izinga le-spheroidization lezinga loku-1: Kumapayipi ensimbi ayi-ductile afinyelela izinga le-spheroidization eleveli 1, amaqhuqhuva e-graphite ngaphakathi cishe ayindilinga ngokuphelele, anosayizi ofanayo, futhi ahlakazeke kakhulu futhi asakazwa ngokulinganayo. Lesi sakhiwo esihle se-microstructure sinikeza amapayipi ensimbi e-ductile izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Mayelana namandla, ingakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi eziphakeme, futhi ingagcina isakhiwo esizinzile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi igqitshwe ngokujulile emhlabathini ukuze imelane nokucindezela komhlabathi noma lapho ihambisa uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu. Mayelana nokuqina, amapayipi e-iron ductile anezinga le-spheroidization elingu-1 anokumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu. Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zokwakheka komhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengezindawo ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba, zingamelana ngokuphumelelayo nomthelela wezinto ezifana nokugudluzwa komhlaba, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamapayipi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga elihle le-spheroidization lisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokugqwala kwepayipi, ngoba ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwamabhola e-graphite kunciphisa ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical okubangelwa ukuhluka kwe-microstructural.
Umthelela wamazinga ahlukene wezinga le-spheroidization ekusebenzeni:Njengoba izinga le-spheroidization lincipha, ukwakheka kwamabhola e-graphite kancane kancane kuyasuka kusimo esiyindilinga, futhi kuvela i-elliptical, efana nezikelemu ngisho ne-flake graphite. Lawa ma-graphite anomumo ongajwayelekile azokwakha amaphuzu okugxilisa ingqondo ngaphakathi kwento ebonakalayo, enciphisa amandla nokuqina kwento. Isibonelo, amabhola e-graphite wamapayipi e-iron ductile anezinga le-spheroidization elingu-3 awavamile njengalawo weleveli 1, futhi ukusatshalaliswa akufani ngokuqhathaniswa. Lapho engaphansi kwengcindezi efanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi akhubazeke endaweni noma aqhume. Ngokuphathelene nokumelana nokugqwala, amapayipi anamazinga aphansi e-spheroidization asengozini yokugqwala kwe-electrochemical ngenxa ye-microstructure engalingani, ngaleyo ndlela afinyeze impilo yesevisi yepayipi.
Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini:Amapayipi e-DINSEN ductile iron anamandla aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuqina ngenxa yezinga lawo le-spheroidization yebanga loku-1. Emaphrojekthini wokuphakelwa kwamanzi, angakwazi ukumelana nomfutho wamanzi aphezulu, aqinisekise ukutholakala kwamanzi okuzinzile, futhi anciphise ukwenzeka kwezingozi zokuqhuma kwamapayipi. Ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi, ezibhekene nezidingo zokugeleza kwamanzi ngokushesha okukhulu esimweni sezulu esibi njengemvula enkulu, amandla awo aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ipayipi alilimazi umthelela wokugeleza kwamanzi. Emkhakheni wokudluliswa kwegesi, ukudluliswa kwegesi enengcindezi ephezulu kudinga amandla amapayipi aphezulu kakhulu. Izinga le-spheroidization yebanga loku-1 lamapayipi ensimbi edonsa amanzi e-DINSEN lenza likwazi ngokugcwele ukwenza lo msebenzi, liqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwegesi okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Impilo ende yesevisi:I-microstructure efanayo elethwa izinga le-spheroidization yebanga loku-1 ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwamapayipi e-DINSEN ductile iron. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusendaweni enomswakama engaphansi komhlaba noma esimweni sokuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini aqukethe imidiya egqwalayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwawo kuphakeme kakhulu kunamapayipi anezilinganiso eziphansi ze-spheroidization. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-DINSEN ductile iron, ubukhulu bodonga lwepayipi buyancipha kancane, futhi bungakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kahle isikhathi eside, ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yepayipi futhi kunciphise izindleko zokushintshwa nokugcinwa.
Ukuguquguquka okubanzi kohlelo lokusebenza:Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu, amapayipi ensimbi e-DINSEN angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi zobunjiniyela kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo, ibhekana nokucindezela okubangelwa ukwanda kwamanzi abandayo epayipini ebusika, noma ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinemvula eseningizimu, imelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Isebenza kahle emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yasemadolobheni, ubunjiniyela bezimboni kanye nokunisela ngenkasa kwezolimo, futhi inikeza izixazululo zamapayipi ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthuthukisa izimboni ezahlukene.
Kafushane, umdwebo we-metallographic wamapayipi e-iron ductile udlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ocwaningweni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokuhlaziya ukwehluleka. Izinga lesilinganiso se-spheroidization, ikakhulukazi izinga loku-1 lezinga le-spheroidization elitholwe amapayipi e-DINSEN ductile iron, libaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamapayipi ensimbi adonsa amanzi, andise impilo yawo yesevisi futhi ahlangabezane nezinhlobonhlobo zezidingo zokufaka isicelo. Ngokuqonda okujulile kwemidwebo yesigaba se-metallographic kanye nezinga le-spheroidization, singawaqonda kangcono amapayipi e-iron ductile, into ebalulekile yezimboni, futhi sinikeze ukudlala okugcwele ezinzuzweni zawo ekusebenzeni okungokoqobo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-21-2025
